Ok, my mistake. I did misunderstand the dates of the prints you have. By 1927 Japan had modernised and wood block prints would have been the quaint cultural oddity from the past.
But first a potted history of printing:
Engraving or ‘drypoint’ involved drawing directly into a metal plate (copper, iron etc)
The metal sheet is inked and the wiped clean; the ink in the grooves remains; paper is laid on the metal and both are run through a press; a reversed image of the original etch is produced on the paper.
So you have to first conceive your finished work in reverse, tricky.
Etching (c.1500) involved lining the surface of the metal plate with an even layer of wax. The drawing is made through the wax exposing the metal. The metal is placed in an acid bath; the acid burns the image into the metal; the wax and acid is cleaned away; then the plate is inked and wiped; the ink remains in the recesses burned with acid; the plate and paper run through the press.
Lithography (c.1790) first involved smooth limestone, later metals; the image is drawn on the stone with a fat/wax crayon (tusche) or painted on in a stable liquid form; the stone is treated with acid which eats into the non-waxed stone; the stone is cleaned to remove the acid and the fat; oil based ink is applied to the wetted stone and the ink remains only where the drawing was made; then the stone is run through the press with a paper sheet.
I think I got all that right.
Why wood and not metal?
Wood block prints, as the name suggests, were carefully carved into wood. The untouched raised surfaces would be inked with rollers and the image transferred to the printed paper. The type of wood and the quality of its ‘grain’ allowed a great deal of fine detail.
There are at least four or five colours in the print you showed us, so there would have been four or five separate blocks, one for each colour.
Why wood in Japan? Somewhere between 1600 to 1650 the Shogunate, the war lords, shut down Japan to the outside world for two hundred years, deposed the Emperor, who remained as a spiritual token, expelled foreigners and only permitted very few exceptions. Japan became a social time capsule.
This preserved their traditional and cultural practices. Wood block printing along with many other cultural practices, was more than just an artform, it was a sacred practice.
Somehow Japan up to the shut down, resisted the introduction of the printing press (their reverence for writing attained its greatest expression in calligraphy the oldest Japanese artform ) and in their isolation they missed out on the advent of lithographic printing and photography.
After Perry burst their isolation bubble, Japan had two centuries of modernisation to catch up with and they demonstrated to the world the Japanese tenacity to learn new stuff was mixed with the persistent and tenacious mediaeval mindset. In just over 50 years, “little Japan” with a fully modernised naval fleet defeated the Imperial Russian Navy at the Battle of Tsushima. (by comparison Australia at the time cobbled together the meagre collection of dilapidated ships from the colonial states that served as the Royal Australian navy, which the the Russian fleet would most likely have crushed).
In that rush to adopt modern technology a lot of the old Japanese cultural traditions like the woodblock print were forgotten but not entirely lost and the stone and metal photographic lithography eventually became the standard printing medium in Japan as elsewhere.
Photolithography is best suited to commercial purposes and industrial techniques.
I found the manual process of lithography and etching far too demanding, tedious, indirect and unforgiving. As an art student I gained work as a ‘clean hands’ assistant in a professional art lithographic studio. I likened it to brain surgery, though I remain in awe of the finished quality of lithographic artwork.
However I loved to create block prints, sometimes wood, sometimes lino. The successful culmination of drawing, carving, and printing, together with the unique quality of the final work, was immensely satisfying and the simpler, direct processes permitted for a smaller, less toxic work space (I hated working with acid). I did a lot of works at home, at the dining table. It’s one artform I often think about returning to. One day maybe.
The brothers Lindsey, Lionel and ‘Naughty’ Norman were both masters of oil and watercolour painting, drawing and sculptures and did much of their work in etching.
Norman was ‘naughty’ because of his prolific work depicting naked statuesque women, nymphs and satyrs which horrified the church going ‘wowsers’ in Sydney town, who continually protested vainly against his ‘devil’s’ work. In 1940, Norman took sixteen crates of paintings, drawings and etchings to the U.S. to protect them from the war. Unfortunately, the American officials declared all his works as pornography and burned the lot without compensation. Lionel remembered Norman’s cheery reaction: “Don’t worry, I’ll do more.”
Apologies for hogging this thread…there aren’t many theists about to debate and Cranky keeps prompting all of this stuff I thought I had forgotten.